一葉千鳥

作者：Scott Berkun
中译：http://hi.baidu.com/dongbao/blog/item/1663f624f4343a338744f931.htm
原文：http://www.scottberkun.com/blog/?p=431

我时常困惑：理想的设计师是一个什么样子的呢？我从技术公司的经理和副总裁那里寻找答案，试图去弄清楚，经理和设计人员之间的关系到底是怎样的。

理想的项目经理

优秀的 项目经理与设计师之间的关系非常类似他们与程序员之间的关系。 项目经理通常和设计师或程序员合作（而不是命令），他们通常接到其它各个部门人员的需求，经过取舍后，尽可能的以工程师和设计师的立场思考问题。理想的项目经理能够创造一个融洽的工作环境，使得市场人员、分析人员、设计师、测试人员等各个项目成员和谐地发挥各自最大的能力和作用。

项目经理无需参与具体设计，他们需要首先运用独特的能力去协调各种流程、项目、预算、保护团队成员等。只有当产品设计人员时间不够等情况，需要和项目经理一起合作、收集反馈的时候，项目管理人员才具体参与到设计工作当中。优秀的项目经理会是一个领导者、驱动机器，他们愿意为激励团队成员去做任何事情，甚至能够将甜点直接送到团队成员的嘴边^_^

理想的设计师

这是一个有着设计天赋的人员，并且是其他人眼中供人的领导者。他们不仅仅制作线框模型（wireframe model）和原型图，而且经常进行换位思考，传播好的创意，参加各种重要的讨论。当遇到设计难题时，他们是导航员，能够解决问题，实现创意，并且人们非常高兴去征求他们的意见。他们是一个优秀的沟通人员和合作对象，就像一个发电机一样，不断的将好的设计想法和创意传输到工程师、市场人员和其他的各个流程当中。他们需要和项目经理沟通何时将转移产品的设计权限、谁来将一个决定、一个设计、或一个问题传达到团队的其他成员当中。

设计师在设计任务中应该是一个决策者，并且当涉及到“易用性、样式和其他设计特点”时，应该给设计师足够的权限去完成设计任务。设计师在设计问题上的意见应该胜过其他人，就像在开发当中，工程师的意见是最重要的。一个优秀的产品设计师通过和其他人员的交流学习到这些能力，他是一个聪明、有思想、可靠的团队成员。

项目经理常见的错误

许多项目经理并不了解设计，更糟的时，他们总以为他们对一切都很在行，结果导致任何一个优秀的设计师马上被打击失败。自大的项目经理，特别是那些有技术背景的，通常对设计师的期望并不高。即便是他们遇到了一个十分出色的设计师，他们也会视而不见，并且妄加指责，甚至挖苦。

项目经理被人们认为是“拿破仑”，尤其是当他们进入办公室之前，我们总能听见有人说：“拿破仑来了”。这是一个暴君、专制者的形象。滑稽的是，他们对自己的权利十分担心，往往视设计师为自己的威胁，害怕他们削弱自己的权利。

设计师常见的错误

很多设计师要求领导者的角色和地位，但一旦遇到了严重的争论问题，或是棘手的商业决策问题，他们就会首先撤退逃跑，形成了权利的真空。每当团队领导者需要去学习、获得那些核心的设计概念、原则、品牌基础、或是任何基础概念是，有些设计师就沉默不语、一言不发，以保护自己的权益不受伤害。

设计师经常自负地不进行任何质量监控的记录，他们坚信自己作品的完美性。因此，设计师自认的才能和团队准确衡量他们才能之间存在一个鸿沟，而且，大部分设计师宁肯不设计也不妥协。

如何修复项目经理和设计师之间的关系

项目经理对这个问题负有更多的责任。和设计师相比，他们通常拥有更多的权利，因此也应该承担更多的责任。也就是说，他们有义务让设计师更有效率地工作。优秀的 项目经理应该视设计师和工程师为资源，他们要尽可能地使这些资源发挥的作用最大化。如果项目经理认真地、努力地想尽可能实现设计师的价值，那么合作是自然而然的事情了，紧张的气氛也将会消失。同样的，如果设计师也抱着相同的心态去回馈 项目 经理，也将会产生相同的效果。

但是设计师的角色承担着一些风险，如果他们想要更多的权利或是影响力，结果只会是带来更多的挑战和任务。

在一个全新的团队里，建立好项目经理和设计师之间的关系需要一个示范效应：选择一个最为配对的项目经理和设计师，设定一些基本原则，给他们足够的资源，启动项目，等待产品有了雏形，作为示范案例和模仿对象展现给团队的其他成员。

一些提醒和告诫

1. 由于理想的人员总是稀缺的，因此我们能够做的就是不断逼近“理想”的状态。如果你们公司已经有了3、4个优秀的项目经理，那么情况已经非常不错了。现实当中，这些资源就已经足够去吸引那些优秀、完美的稀缺雇员了。
2. 通常情况下，只有当设计师和 项目 经理处于领导地位时，他们才处于理想的角色，发挥他们的才能，最大化地利用资源。
3. 只有管理层级别的合作才能使事情好转起来。如果经理之间的思路相近，那么项目进展也会顺利；相反，项目会停滞，争端四起。
4. 设计工作的种类有很多，这意味着设计师和项目经理之间的关系和角色也很多。不论是视觉设计、交互设计。游戏设计还是网页设计都会产生不同的、独特的挑战和问题。

原文：http://ysearchblog.cn/2006/09/post_34.html

选择题

你经常使用各种搜索引擎吗？

1. 没错，岂止是经常，搜索引擎就是我上网的必备工具，找任何东西我都想先搜一下。
2. 经常用，不过只是用一些网页、MP3搜索之类的，而且基本只去那两三个有名的搜索引擎。
3. 不常用，网上信息来源很丰富，不是一定要用搜索引擎的。
4. 用得较少，甚至——搜索引擎是干什么的来着？我怎么没听说过？更别说用了…

你关心互联网的产品、应用和技术吗？对于比较知名的所谓Web2.0网站，你经常去的有多少？

1. 非常关心互联网的产品和应用，web2.0的提法太笼统了，我经常去光顾的随便就列出十个八个，而且我在AAA网站上是版主，在BBB网站上级别很高。
2. 一直关心互联网，web2.0我也比较了解，我知道的这样的网站有很多，不过有时间就会去看一下的只有五六个，自己会经常参与其中的还要更少一些。
3. 比较关心互联网，web2.0我也知道是什么意思，不过我经常去的这类网站只有两三个，大多数情况也只是浏览一下看看热闹而已。
4. 互联网我当然知道，不能说关心，关心了也没用呀，也没人会因为我关心给我发工资。Web2.0是什么意思？等我上网查一下或者明早问问旁边坐着的小刘吧。

对于互联网产品的设计和用户体验，你经常有独特的想法吗？

1. 我经常比较各种不同网站内容功能和技术的优劣，也看过很多分析评论文章，设想如果自己是网站负责人，该如何改进功能，提升用户体验。比方说XXX网站，为什么不参考一下美国的YYY网站呢？你看那个MMM网站的这个功能，做得就很人性化，流量能迅速上升是有原因的。NNN网站实在是无话可说，完全就不知道用户需要什么。居然有VC肯投它，不可理喻…
2. 我常常自己去尝试一些网站的内容和功能，不仅仅是为了使用，而是想分析不同网站或功能的区别。不过我虽然大致明白他们的区别和优劣，但没有更多的想过怎么改进才能做得更好。
3. 我只是感到在XXX网站上都是我需要的内容，使用也很流畅，而在类似的YYY网站上就有点找不着北，去了两次我就不去了。但是我也没仔细想过为什么。
4. 我只是在用，没有多想。什么？你说XXX网站和YYY网站有区别？我怎么没感觉？真的，一点感觉都没有…

你有过互联网项目管理或产品管理的经历吗？擅长和不同角色，不同性格的人沟通吗？

1. 你问对人了。我最近这两三年一直做互联网的产品和项目，产品策划实施运营我很熟悉，我管的项目组人还挺多呢。交流和沟通也根本不是问题。
2. 我做过互联网有关的工作，虽然产品和项目经验不是很多，但我有很多idea，而且沟通也不成问题。
3. 我虽然没有做过互联网有关的工作，不过有其它领域的项目和产品管理经验，我想很多东西都是普遍联系的，而我又一直很关心互联网这个领域，互联网的产品/项目管理对我来说也不成问题。沟通也还可以吧，不是问题。
4. 我没有什么项目/产品管理经验。说起沟通和交流，我一直就有这个困惑，为什么别人总是不能领会我的意思呢？好多事别人做出来的结果和我想要的怎么就是不一样呢？

你是否了解一些基本的搜索和互联网技术？

1. 我就是学计算机出身的，最近几年也一直关心这个领域，自己做过一些东西，对搜索和互联网技术非常清楚，只要我愿意，找个工程师的工作一点没问题。
2. 我虽然不是学技术出身的，但是由于很关心这个领域，自学了很多东西，一些基本技术我自己实践过，对技术发展趋势也比较清楚。
3. 我大概知道一些，不过没怎么实践过。
4. 完全不清楚，我想很多人都和我一样，没什么大惊小怪的。

以上5道题目，选1.–10分，2.–7分，3.–5分 4.–2分。如果你得分在35分以上，恭喜你，你已经具备做一个搜索产品经理的基本条件。

1. User Interface Designer
2. User Experience Researcher
3. Senior User Experience Researcher

Position based in Beijing, China.

User Interface Designer

原文：http://www.google.cn/support/jobs/bin/answer.py?answer=39219

"Focus on the user, and all else will follow". That’s one of the key philosophies behind everything that Google does, and we’re looking for UI Designers to help drive the design process for new Google products and features. As a UI Designer, you will work closely with engineers and product managers throughout all stages of the product cycle. If you’re a critical thinker with a good design sense, a strong technical background, and an eye for making things better, and if you’re looking for a job where your work can have an impact on the web experience of millions of Google users, then this is the role for you.

Responsibilities will include:

• Helping to define the user model and user interface for new and existing Google products and features.
• Developing high level and/or detailed storyboards, mockups and prototypes to effectively communicate interaction and design ideas.
• Gauging the usability of new and existing products, and making constructive suggestions for change.

Requirements:

• Solid academic background in human-computer interaction or related field (BS or MS in Computer Science or related field a big plus).
• Demonstrated experience in designing usable web-based interfaces.
• Expert HTML skills.
• Excellent knowledge of JavaScript for rapid prototyping purposes.
• Strong, clean visual design sense.
• Excellent leadership, communication and teamwork skills.
• Fluency in both Chinese and English.

User Experience Researcher

原文：http://www.google.cn/support/jobs/bin/answer.py?answer=40702

Help us find out about our users! Google is looking for User Experience Researchers at all levels, to design and conduct user research studies throughout the product cycle. You will use a range of methods, working closely with UI designers and product teams to define new products, assess the usability of prototypes, and influence the future direction of existing products.

You will have the opportunity to work on products of all types: web sites like Google search and AdWords, web applications like Gmail and Google Maps, client applications like Picasa and Google Earth, and mobile services like Google SMS.

Qualifications:

• B.S. in Human-Computer Interaction, Cognitive Psychology, Computer Science, or related field.
• Academic or practical knowledge of user research methods, including lab-based usability studies, field studies, and usability inspections (heuristic evaluations or cognitive walkthroughs).
• Excellent analytical ability, especially with regard to observation of user behavior.
• Strong oral and written communication skills, can present findings concisely and effectively.
• Can work independently and effectively prioritize time between multiple projects.
• Flexible, can adapt to changing schedules and different types of products, and develop new user research methods where needed.
• Can work well in cross-functional teams, including Engineers, Product Managers, and UI Designers.
• Training in research methods and statistics.

Knowledge of or experience with any of the following is a big plus:

• Early-stage user research methods such as contextual inquiry, paper prototyping, card sorting, personas.
• Working with product teams to ensure that user research findings are tracked and acted on.
• Design and analysis of experiments or surveys.
• International user research or remote user studies.
• Accessibility and universal design.
• Analysis of web server log data.
• Web design/HTML.
• Programming/scripting.
• Eye-tracking.
• Testing applications for mobile devices.
• On-line communities and social computing.

Senior User Experience Researcher

原文：http://www.google.cn/support/jobs/bin/answer.py?answer=41271

You will have the opportunity to work on products of all types: web sites like Google search and AdWords, web applications like Gmail and Google Maps, client applications like Picasa and Google Earth, and mobile services like Google SMS.

Requirements:

• BS or MS (PhD a plus) in Human-Computer Interaction, Cognitive Psychology, Computer Science, or related field.
• Demonstrated experience of designing and conducting different types of user research studies, including lab-based usability studies, field studies, and usability inspections (heuristic evaluations or cognitive walkthroughs).
• Fluent in Mandarin, Chinese and English.
• Excellent analytical ability, especially with regard to observation of user behavior.
• Strong oral and written communication skills; can present findings concisely and effectively.
• ” Can work independently and effectively prioritize time between multiple projects.
• Flexible: can adapt to changing schedules and different types of products, and develop new user research methods where needed.
• Can work well in cross-functional teams, including engineers, product managers, and UI designers.
• Solid background in statistics and data analysis.
• Knowledge of or experience with any of the following is a big plus:
  • Early-stage user research methods such as contextual inquiry, paper prototyping, card sorting, personas.
  • Fluency in other languages (Japanese, Korean, or any other).
  • Working with product teams to ensure that user research findings are tracked and acted on.
  • Design and analysis of experiments or surveys.
  • Experience organizing international user studies.
  • Accessibility and universal design.
  • Analysis of web server log data.
  • Web design / HTML.
  • Programming / scripting.
  • Eye-tracking.
  • Experience with mobile applications.
  • On-line communities and social computing.

国外的用户体验设计师的职责描述 http://www.uigarden.net/forums/archive/index.php?t-88.html
用户体验设计师的职责 http://ui.blogbus.com/logs/2005/09/1426642.html

摘录一些国外网站上关于user experience designer职责的描述：

The User Experience Designer is a critical part of the user-centered design process. The User Experience Designer initiates a project by identifying requirements for functionality and defining the user experience; documents functional specifications and resolves design issues throughout the project; and ensures the usefulness and usability of the finished product. Role Description:

1. Employ user-centered design processes to ensure that information is useful and usable
2. Communicate and document design decisions effectively
   Understand and diagram relationships between site content or features
3. Explore and select different visual/physical representations of content or features
4. Develop controlled vocabularies and document relationships between terms
5. Develop hierarchical classification systems for navigation or other categorization needs
6. Establish approach to requirements gathering, prioritizing, and tracking
7. 7.Establish, document, maintain and revise functional specifications
   Document all levels of prototypes through final specifications to include UI behaviors, user interaction models, workflow, interaction requirements, etc.
8. Plan, execute and document user interviews and usability tests

NGRAIN公司招聘用户体验设计师

Reporting to the Director of Engineering, Product Knowledge Management, the User Experience Designer will be responsible for working with product development and product management to translate business objectives into functional and user requirements. The successful candidate will specify and prototype user interface / interaction design using user interface engineering methods and processes.

Essential duties and responsibilities:

1. Participate early in the product development cycle to ensure user interfaces / interactions are designed and documented before programming begins
2. Design the user interfaces / interactions, using paper based mockups and/or software tools for inclusion into product specifications
3. Define and implement User Centered Design (UCD) testing and feedback methodologies at NGRAIN
4. Define and document UCD standards and processes for NGRAIN software deliverables
5. Take the lead role in working with product management, and product development to ensure that UI design, testing and methodologies are integrated into all appropriate phases of our software development lifecycle process
6. Perform user interface usability reviews and provide feedback to ensure usability
7. Conduct customer (internal/external) interviews to collect product feedback and functional requirements

Conformia 公司用户体验设计主管

Job Description

REPORTING RELATIONSHIP:
This position reports to the Director of Software Development. User Experience Designers are key members of the Product Design team and will work closely with Product Managers, Product Functional Specialists, Customers, and developers. The individual will be responsible for designing the User Interface for modules of Web based Enterprise Application targeted towards highly regulated process industries.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

1. Lead the design and development aesthetically pleasing and easy-to-use user interface design for Web based enterprise applications
2. Propose new user interaction design, create specifications and convey UI design ideas via storyboards using HTML.
3. Plan and conduct usability studies for ease of use and best possible look and feel of the application.
4. Ensure the consistency of the overall User Interface and create User Interface design components that can be extended and reused for building other components.
5. Work with product management and development in developing products that meet performance, scalability, and reliability goals.
6. Identifying requirements, developing user model, designing and prototyping UI for interaction
7. Develop and maintain UI specifications and guidelines, communicating with development team to evangelize UI design directions and resolve design tradeoffs and implementation issues.
8. Participate in all aspects of product design, including: gathering and communicating design data via task flow analysis and user scenarios conveying UI design ideas via storyboards and prototyping tools.
9. Work as a member of a distributed development team where members of the team will be physically located in different locations worldwide.
10. Will have to work with, coordinate and manage other web designers that the company may bring on board as and when needed.

作者: Ryana

user experience design,国外叫UXD,国内也简称UE设计。
我们来分析一则国外的UE设计师招聘要求，看看你还需要欠缺什么吧：

我们正在寻找一名高级用户体验设计师加入我们的产品设计团队。
We are looking for someone to join our growing Product Design group as a sr.
user experience designer.

指责包括产品创新，界面视觉引导，原型设计，与开发一起推动设计实现。
Responsibilities include producing innovative,visually appealing human interface designs; creating design prototypes;working with developers to make designs a reality.

我们需要这个人可以独立工作，和团队成员合作，交流各种想法，画出原型，参与产品整个的周期。
We need someone who can work independently, engage team members, communicate ideas, create prototypes, and finally work with team members throughout the release cycle of the product. This position reports to the Principal Designer.

日常的工作包括:Day-to-Day Activities:

* 基于人机交互、图形化设计、界面设计和其他相关理论，进行设计。
Generate designs based on common sets of HCI, graphic design, interface design and other relevant theories

* 画出不同层次的原型：纸上的，框架的，可交互的网页，Flash的。
Create prototypes at different levels of fidelity: paper, wireframe,interactive HTML, and Flash

* 到不同的部门演示概念和想法，组织反馈意见。
Present ideas and concepts to x-functional teams and incorporate feedback accordingly

* 生成视觉元素比如icon,边框，用户控件，窗口规范，图形化的布局。
Create visual elements such as icons, borders, custom widgets, window treatments, and graphical layouts

* 同产品设计团队合作去发展一些重要附加值的概念，还有修订产品。
Collaborate with Product Design team to develop concepts of key additions and edits for the product

* 同商业方面的专家、市场部沟通，确认设计并得到认可。
Communicate designs to business specialists and marketing team members for validation and buy-in.

* 同开发人员沟通，提供明确的定义和执行的方向。
Communicate designs to development and provide definition and direction during implementation

* 同质量控制部门沟通，提供在测试阶段需要的清晰理解。
Communicate designs to quality control and provide clarifications during the testing phase

* 同首席设计师和产品设计团队一起工作，符合内部设计流程和标准。
Work with Principal Designer and Product Design team to evolve internal design process and standards.

* 需要1/10的时间出差。
This job requires 10% travel

资格条件：Qualifications & Requirements:

* 在应用程序的交互设计方面（界面设计，产品设计）有4-5年的工作经验。在web应用和桌面应用方面有扎实的经验。
4-5 years experience in application interaction design (UI Design, Product Design); solid experience with both web applications (not web sites) and desktop applications

* 设计、人机交互、可用性专业或者可以展示对设计的理解、交互设计理论和实践的能力。
Education in design, HCI, usability or ability to display formal understanding of design and HCI theory and practice

* 理解室内产品设计的生命周期。
Understand in-house product design lifecycle

* 优秀的交流技巧：书写和口头。
Good communication skills: written and verbal

* 了解基于浏览器和客户端的技术(HTML, Java, Flash,.NET)。
Knowledge of browser-based and desktop technologies (HTML, Java, Flash,.NET)

* 原型技术，包括DHTML, Dream Weaver, Flash或类似的。
Prototyping skills using DHTML, Dream Weaver, Flash, or similar

* 有开发和运行可用性测试的经验。
Experience with developing and running usability testing

* 有行业研究经验（Cooper的目标导向设计方法优先）
Experience with field research (goal-directed method by Cooper is preferred).

* 可以使用设计过程描述清楚问题如何产生以及如何解决，无论是独立工作还是和团队一起。
Should demonstrate ability to use design processes for problem definition and solution creation while working individually and with a group

* 可以创造出图形元素：icon,控件，窗口，边框，数据布局。
Ability to create graphical elements: icons, widgets, windowing and boarders, data layout

Please submit your resume with a portfolio web site via
http://tinyurl.com/bjotv
Candidates are strongly encouraged to have an online portfolio for best
consideration.

偶觉得这个里面有两样提的正是现在许多招聘要求里面不够重视的：

1.同商业方面的专家、市场人员、质量保证、等各个部门的沟通。这个可以确保你的设计不会出现用户群公司等各方利益的偏颇，还有理解不到位造成的实施方面的问题。

2.可以使用设计过程描述清楚问题如何产生以及如何解决，无论是独立工作还是和团队一起。这个是考验设计师对设计流程的灵活运用程度的。通常团队一起工作的时候，问题产生，如何解决都会有理有据，毕竟要说服大家，按设计流程走，会形成模式。但独立工作的时候，往往会为追求效率而过多发挥个人主观性，跳过一些比较流程。所以独立工作时，可以清晰描述问题如何产生，怎么去解决，是一项重要的能力。